Joseph A. Cooper, a pro-Union East Tennessean, rose from captain of the 1st Tennessee Infantry (Union) to brigadier general commanding a division in the XXIII Corps, later brevetted major general. He fought at Mill Springs, Stones River, and Chickamauga, and through the Knoxville and Atlanta campaigns, the Franklin-Nashville Campaign, and Bentonville. He survived the war, mustered out in 1866, commanded Tennessee’s State Guard, and later relocated to Kansas, where he died in 1910.